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LETTERAlternative explanation for indoleinduced antibiotic tolerance in SalmonellaWe were interested to read the recent publication by Vega et al. (1), which suggests that indole is definitely an interspecies signal that causes Salmonella to turn out to be much less susceptible to antibiotics due to activation on the oxidative anxiety response. Nonetheless, we think that there’s an option explanation for their data: the drug tolerance phenotype is due to elevated production of one or much more multidrug efflux pumps. The drugs tested by Vega et al., ciprofloxacin and carbenicillin, are known substrates of the AcrB transporter, and indole has been shown to induce the production of efflux pumps in each Escherichia coli and Salmonella (two). In Salmonella, induction is mediated by increased expression with the transcriptional activator RamA, which regulates expression of acrAB (2).